Briefing Doc: Climate Change, Public Health, and Economic Impacts
Overall Theme: These sources paint a sobering picture of the multifaceted and escalating impacts of climate change, encompassing not only physical and economic damage but also a profound toll on mental and emotional well-being. The sources emphasize the disproportionate burden borne by vulnerable populations and the urgent need for sustained action to mitigate these consequences.
Key Findings and Themes:
1. Climate Change as a Threat Multiplier:
- Direct Health Impacts: Climate change is directly contributing to humanitarian emergencies from extreme weather events like heatwaves, wildfires, floods, and storms, increasing in scale, frequency, and intensity. (Source: WHO)
- Indirect Health Impacts: These include food and waterborne illnesses, the spread of vector-borne diseases, and compromised mental health due to displacement, social disruption, and the loss of environmental security. (Sources: WHO, Milbank Quarterly, Yale Environment Review)
- Exacerbating Existing Inequities: Vulnerable populations, including those with pre-existing health conditions, children, the elderly, low-income communities, and indigenous people, face disproportionate risks and impacts. (Sources: WHO, Milbank Quarterly)
2. The Economic Costs of Climate Inaction:
- Staggering Financial Burden: Climate change is estimated to cost the world $16 million per hour in economic damages, comparable to fighting a war domestically. A 3-degree Celsius temperature increase could lead to a 50% decline in economic output by 2100. (Sources: World Economic Forum, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists)
- Uneven Distribution of Costs: The economic burden of climate change is not evenly distributed. For example, the U.S. South will see a disproportionate impact on human lives due to extreme heat, while the Midwest faces severe agricultural losses. (Source: Berkeley News)
3. The Psychological and Emotional Toll of Climate Change:
- Psychoterratic Syndromes: New terms like “eco-anxiety,” “ecological grief,” and “solastalgia” are emerging to describe the mental health consequences of climate change and environmental degradation. (Sources: PMC, Yale Environment Review, Milbank Quarterly)
- Cultural Trauma: Climate change is causing a “crisis of the presence,” leading to feelings of insecurity, fear, and the potential breakdown of civilization, akin to the fear of nuclear war experienced by previous generations. (Source: PMC)
4. The Role of Human Systems in Exacerbating the Crisis:
- Civilizational Imperative for Production: The inherent drive of modern civilizations to prioritize economic growth and production has led to an unwillingness to limit greenhouse gas emissions. (Source: Sapience excerpt)
- Corporate Exploitation: Multinational corporations, or “Multis,” have profited from climate catastrophes, often at the expense of human suffering and environmental well-being, demonstrating a lack of accountability and learning. (Source: Sapience excerpt)
5. Urgent Need for Action and Solutions:
- Mitigation and Adaptation: Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and investing in adaptation strategies are crucial for mitigating the impacts of climate change. (Sources: WHO, Berkeley News, College of Science)
- Addressing Inequities: Policies and interventions must prioritize the needs of vulnerable populations and address systemic injustices that exacerbate the impacts of climate change. (Source: Milbank Quarterly)
- Transforming Consciousness: Addressing climate change requires a fundamental shift in human consciousness, moving away from individualistic and exploitative mindsets towards collective responsibility and sustainability. (Source: Sapience excerpt)
6. Specific Examples and Data:
- Toxic Dust from the Great Salt Lake: The drying of the Great Salt Lake in Utah has exposed toxic dust containing arsenic and other harmful metals, posing a significant threat to air quality and public health in surrounding communities. (Source: College of Science)
- Impact on Infectious Diseases: Climate change is altering rain patterns and temperatures, expanding the range and active periods of disease vectors like ticks and mosquitoes, leading to an increase in vector-borne diseases. (Source: UC Davis Health)
Quotes of Note:
- “Climate change is a threat multiplier, undermining and potentially reversing decades of health progress.” (Source: WHO)
- “A 3-degree Celsius temperature increase will cause ‘precipitous declines in output, capital and consumption that exceed 50% by 2100.'” (Source: Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists)
- “Multis don’t suffer, only humans suffer…Multis were making trillions from the suffering of billions. It turns out climate catastrophes are impressively profitable!” (Source: Sapience excerpt)
- “This is not a problem that might happen in the future…we really, really need to have a sustained focus on it over a longer period of time to…make sure we put enough water into it.” (Source: College of Science)
Call to Action:
The sources highlight the need for:
- Increased research and understanding of the complex interplay between climate change and its multifaceted impacts, particularly on mental health and vulnerable communities.
- Development of comprehensive policies and interventions that prioritize mitigation, adaptation, and equity.
- A fundamental shift in human behavior and consciousness towards sustainability, cooperation, and collective responsibility for the planet.
Climate Change: A 21st Century Timeline
Timeline of Main Events
Late 1990s: Dust emissions from the drying Great Salt Lake begin to increase.
2010s: Dust emissions from the Great Salt Lake increase significantly. Researchers start to identify “hot spots” where dust production is highest, including Farmington Bay, Bear River Bay, and the northwest quadrant of the lake.
2012: A study uses a high-resolution model to map out the dramatic costs of unmitigated climate change in the U.S., highlighting the uneven distribution of costs across the country.
2017: Hurricane Harvey floods the federal prison complex in Beaumont, Texas, highlighting the vulnerability of incarcerated persons to climate change impacts.
2019: Researchers at the University of Western Australia conduct a global survey to document the intangible harms people are experiencing from climate change, finding that losses of quality of life are already widespread.
2022: The Inflation Reduction Act, the Biden administration’s landmark climate policy initiative, is passed. Some experts criticize the Act for including compromises that make it difficult to close polluting fossil fuel power plants and phase out fossil fuel development.
2023: The tick season in the U.S. starts earlier and lasts longer due to changing rain patterns and warmer winters. Cases of tick-borne diseases like babesiosis and Lyme disease increase, even occurring in winter months and in regions farther west and north than in the past.
2024:
- Researchers publish a paper stating that a 3-degree Celsius temperature increase will cause economic losses comparable to the damage caused by fighting a war domestically.
- The concept of “psychoterratic” states gains traction in the medical community as a way to describe the growing number of mental health conditions related to climate change and environmental degradation.
- Experts warn that climate change will continue to fuel the spread of infectious diseases, citing changing rain patterns, rising sea levels, and more frequent storm surges as contributing factors.
2025: Professor Kevin Perry from the University of Utah presents research to the Utah Legislature’s Clean Air Caucus highlighting the threat of toxic dust from the Great Salt Lake. He identifies the same dust “hot spots” as previous researchers and warns that dust events will likely plague northern Utah for decades.
2050 (Projected): The book Sapience: The Moment Is Now depicts a world ravaged by unmitigated climate change, where human civilization and multinational corporations have failed to take meaningful action to avert disaster. The book highlights the suffering of ordinary people while large corporations profit from the chaos.
Cast of Characters
Adrien Bilal: Economist at Harvard University who co-authored a 2024 paper comparing the economic costs of a 3-degree Celsius temperature increase to the damage caused by war.
Janice Brahney: Researcher at Utah State University studying the increasing threat of toxic dust from the drying Great Salt Lake. Her work focuses on the composition of dust emissions and their potential impacts on human health.
Paolo Cianconi: Psychiatrist and lead author of the 2023 paper “Eco-emotions and Psychoterratic Syndromes: Reshaping Mental Health Assessment Under Climate Change.” He argues for the recognition of new psychological categories to address the mental health impacts of climate change.
Matthew Phillips: Infectious diseases fellow at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. He is the lead author of a study warning that climate change is fueling the spread of infectious diseases, particularly those spread by ticks and through water.
Kevin Perry: Professor of atmospheric science at the University of Utah. Perry is a leading researcher studying the sources and impacts of toxic dust from the drying Great Salt Lake. He has identified “hot spots” of dust production and warned that dust events will likely plague northern Utah for decades.
David N. Pellow: Dehlsen Chair and professor of Environmental Studies and director of the Global Environmental Justice Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He writes about the inequitable impacts of climate change on mental and emotional health, highlighting the disproportionate burden on marginalized communities.
Representative Ray Ward: Republican member of the Utah Legislature’s Clean Air Caucus. Ward has expressed concern about the threat of toxic dust from the Great Salt Lake and has supported funding for water conservation projects to help refill the lake.
D. Mann: Author of the fictional book Sapience: The Moment Is Now. The book explores the failure of human civilization and multinational corporations to address climate change, resulting in a dystopian future where ordinary people suffer while corporations thrive.
Climate Change, Mental Health, and the Great Salt Lake
Climate Change & Mental Health Study Guide
Quiz
- According to research on the Great Salt Lake, what are some of the man-made and naturally occurring toxins found in dust samples from the dry lake bed? Dust samples from the dry lakebed contain man-made toxins like arsenic, cadmium, lead, copper, and mercury. They also contain cyanotoxins from historic algal blooms.
- How does climate change act as a “threat multiplier” according to the World Health Organization (WHO)? Climate change exacerbates existing issues by affecting physical environments, natural and human systems, and social and economic conditions. This undermines and potentially reverses decades of health progress.
- What is meant by “nature-positive finance” as it relates to climate change mitigation, according to the World Economic Forum? Nature-positive finance is a strategy that encourages policymakers to use methodology to help determine how much money to target for a fund that could help countries rebuild after extreme weather events. This attribution-based method can increasingly provide an alternative tool for decision-makers as they consider key adaptations to minimize the adverse impact of climate-related extreme weather events.
- According to the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, how does a 3-degree Celsius temperature increase compare to economic damage caused by fighting a war? A 3-degree Celsius temperature increase will cause “precipitous declines in output, capital and consumption that exceed 50% by 2100,” which is comparable to the economic damage caused by fighting a war domestically and permanently. This means that people’s purchasing power will be significantly decreased.
- What are some “eco-emotions” and “psychoterratic syndromes” that are emerging due to the climate crisis? Emerging “eco-emotions” and “psychoterratic syndromes” include eco-anxiety, ecological grief, climate worry, climate trauma, and solastalgia. These terms describe the psychological distress people experience in relation to climate change and environmental degradation.
- How can “recurrent acute disasters” impact mental health? “Recurrent acute disasters” are sequential natural disasters that alter the effects of subsequent disasters. They can cause symptoms more quickly and more severely on subsequent exposure, resulting in a repeated trauma and impacting a community and social level (inevitability, resignation, loss of trust).
- What are “Multis” and how do they differ from individual human beings according to Sapience: The Moment is Now? “Multis” refer to multinational corporations, described as pseudo beings or ideas dependent on agreements among people, who are unable to feel pain, therefore they do not learn. Unlike individual human beings, Multis are protected by law even while they exploit climate catastrophes.
- According to a Berkeley News article, how will climate change affect agriculture in the Midwest, and mortality rates in the U.S. ? Agricultural yields in the Midwest will decline dramatically due to rising temperatures. National mortality rates will increase by roughly five deaths per 100,000 people for each degree Celsius increase in temperature.
- What are some of the groups that are disproportionately affected by the mental health impacts of climate change according to the Milbank Memorial Fund? Populations that are marginalized by structural inequalities, low-income communities, racial and ethnic minority communities, and incarcerated persons are among those that disproportionately experience the mental and emotional health impacts of climate change. This is due to environmental injustices related to policy and practices.
- What are the three main “dust hot spots” of the Great Salt Lake that Professor Kevin Perry has identified? The three main dust hot spots are Farmington Bay in Davis County, Bear River Bay near Brigham City and Ogden, and the lake’s northwest boundary in a remote part of Box Elder County. These areas are especially vulnerable due to the fragile and eroding nature of the lakebed’s crust.
Answer Key
- Dust samples from the dry lakebed contain man-made toxins like arsenic, cadmium, lead, copper, and mercury. They also contain cyanotoxins from historic algal blooms.
- Climate change exacerbates existing issues by affecting physical environments, natural and human systems, and social and economic conditions. This undermines and potentially reverses decades of health progress.
- Nature-positive finance is a strategy that encourages policymakers to use methodology to help determine how much money to target for a fund that could help countries rebuild after extreme weather events. This attribution-based method can increasingly provide an alternative tool for decision-makers as they consider key adaptations to minimize the adverse impact of climate-related extreme weather events.
- A 3-degree Celsius temperature increase will cause “precipitous declines in output, capital and consumption that exceed 50% by 2100,” which is comparable to the economic damage caused by fighting a war domestically and permanently. This means that people’s purchasing power will be significantly decreased.
- Emerging “eco-emotions” and “psychoterratic syndromes” include eco-anxiety, ecological grief, climate worry, climate trauma, and solastalgia. These terms describe the psychological distress people experience in relation to climate change and environmental degradation.
- “Recurrent acute disasters” are sequential natural disasters that alter the effects of subsequent disasters. They can cause symptoms more quickly and more severely on subsequent exposure, resulting in a repeated trauma and impacting a community and social level (inevitability, resignation, loss of trust).
- “Multis” refer to multinational corporations, described as pseudo beings or ideas dependent on agreements among people, who are unable to feel pain, therefore they do not learn. Unlike individual human beings, Multis are protected by law even while they exploit climate catastrophes.
- Agricultural yields in the Midwest will decline dramatically due to rising temperatures. National mortality rates will increase by roughly five deaths per 100,000 people for each degree Celsius increase in temperature.
- Populations that are marginalized by structural inequalities, low-income communities, racial and ethnic minority communities, and incarcerated persons are among those that disproportionately experience the mental and emotional health impacts of climate change. This is due to environmental injustices related to policy and practices.
- The three main dust hot spots are Farmington Bay in Davis County, Bear River Bay near Brigham City and Ogden, and the lake’s northwest boundary in a remote part of Box Elder County. These areas are especially vulnerable due to the fragile and eroding nature of the lakebed’s crust.
Essay Questions
- Analyze the interconnectedness of climate change, human health, and economic stability based on the provided sources. In your response, discuss how these systems interact and exacerbate each other.
- Compare and contrast the different psychological responses to climate change, such as eco-anxiety, ecological grief, and solastalgia, as defined in the provided texts. How might these emotional responses influence individual and collective action?
- Discuss the ways that social and economic inequalities are exacerbated by climate change, citing specific examples from the provided sources. How can we ensure that climate change policies are equitable and inclusive?
- Based on the information about the Great Salt Lake and other similar climate-related threats, argue for or against the idea that societies are adequately addressing the consequences of climate change.
- Critically assess the role of corporations (“Multis”) in the climate crisis, drawing on information from the “Sapience” excerpt and other relevant material. What are the ethical implications of their actions and what changes, if any, would you suggest?
Glossary of Key Terms
- Anthropogenic Climate Change: Climate change caused or influenced by human activities.
- Eco-anxiety: Anxiety related to the ecological crisis, often a chronic fear of environmental doom.
- Ecological Grief: The grief associated with the loss of species, ecosystems, or landscapes due to climate change or other environmental factors.
- Solastalgia: Distress caused by the gradual loss of solace from one’s home environment due to environmental degradation.
- Psychoterratic Syndromes: Mental syndromes where people’s well-being is threatened by the severing of healthy links between themselves and their home/territory.
- Tipping Point: A critical threshold in a system that, when crossed, leads to a significant and often irreversible change.
- PM2.5/PM10: Fine particulate matter, referring to airborne particles that pose a health risk, with PM2.5 being smaller and more dangerous to respiratory systems.
- Greenhouse Gases: Gases that trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, contributing to climate change.
- GDP (Gross Domestic Product): The total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year.
- Recurrent Acute Disasters (RADs): Sequential natural disasters in the same area that can compound the psychological effects of previous events.
- Multis: Multinational corporations, as defined in Sapience: The Moment is Now, which are described as pseudo-entities primarily driven by profit with legal protections, and are thus not capable of experiencing pain or learning.
- Vector-borne diseases: Illnesses caused by pathogens transmitted via vectors, such as mosquitos, ticks, and fleas, whose range and activity are impacted by climate change.
- Nature-positive finance: An investment methodology that helps determine how much money to target for a fund to help countries rebuild after extreme weather events.
- Environmental Justice: The fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.
- Pre-traumatic stress disorder (Pre-TSS): A before-the-fact version of classic PTSD with similar symptoms (i.e. flash-forwards, nightmares, fear-induced disassociation, disturbance of sleep, constant vivid worry), emerging from extreme anxiety about anticipations of a catastrophic future.
- Meteorosensitivity: The biological sensitivity to atmospheric events or perturbations on mind and body.
- Meteoropathy: Psychopathological phenomena stemming from weather changes, leading to a specific illness, such as seasonal affective disorder.
- Eco-paralysis: An apparent state of apathy as a result of eco-anxiety, which inhibits taking real actions, maintaining people in a state of limbo.
- Climate Trauma: Experiencing extreme weather events and natural disasters associated to climate change can lead to traumatic reactions, similarly to the known Acute Stress Disorder and PTSD
- Disenfranchised grief: A grief that is deemed not socially acceptable so that others tend to disregard the feelings of those who experience them. Therefore, the grief is not given its due voice and its due place, eventually resulting in negative consequences for both the psychic life of individuals and social groups, and maladaptive behaviors.
Climate Change, Human Health, and the Psychoterratic Syndrome
Frequently Asked Questions on Climate Change and its Impacts
- What are some of the direct physical effects of climate change being observed globally, and how do these impact human health? Climate change is causing an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as heatwaves, wildfires, floods, tropical storms, and hurricanes. These events directly lead to injuries, deaths, and increased risk of infectious diseases through disruptions of water and food systems. Moreover, many areas of the world are facing water scarcity, food insecurity, and increased spread of vector-borne diseases like malaria, which lead to further health consequences including malnutrition and related mortality. The overall impact on health is considered a threat multiplier, undermining and potentially reversing decades of progress in global health.
- Beyond physical health, how is climate change affecting people’s mental and emotional well-being? Climate change is causing a range of mental and emotional health challenges. “Eco-emotions” such as eco-anxiety, ecological grief, climate worry, and climate trauma are becoming increasingly common, particularly among those experiencing repeated climate-related disasters or those who are highly aware of environmental degradation. These conditions can manifest in various ways, including feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, fear, anger, sadness, and guilt, and, in severe cases, can lead to clinical conditions like anxiety disorders and PTSD. Furthermore, climate change disrupts social and cultural structures and creates a sense of uncertainty, also contributing to mental health issues.
- What are “psychoterratic syndromes” and how do they relate to climate change? “Psychoterratic syndromes” are mental health conditions that arise from a troubled relationship with our natural environment. They describe the distress and psychological impacts people experience when they feel a disconnection or loss related to their home territories and natural surroundings. These syndromes include eco-anxiety, ecological grief (the distress associated with environmental losses), and solastalgia (the distress caused by the gradual loss of solace from one’s home environment due to its degradation). These conditions highlight the significant emotional toll that environmental changes have on human well-being, reflecting the deep connections people have with their natural world.
- How are certain groups of people disproportionately affected by climate change, both physically and mentally? Climate change impacts are not felt equally across all populations. Marginalized communities, including those in low-income areas, racial and ethnic minorities, indigenous groups, the homeless, and incarcerated persons are at a higher risk of experiencing both physical and mental health impacts due to climate change. These groups often live in areas more vulnerable to climate hazards, have limited resources for adaptation and recovery, and face systemic inequities that exacerbate their exposure to environmental risk and its psychological consequences. Children and young people, and those with existing mental or physical health conditions are also more vulnerable to the negative effects of climate change.
- How does the drying of the Great Salt Lake illustrate the interconnectedness of environmental changes and human health risks? The shrinking Great Salt Lake is causing a significant increase in toxic dust emissions from the exposed lakebed. This dust contains heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, copper, and mercury, as well as cyanotoxins from historic algal blooms. The increased particulate matter in the air raises serious health concerns, including respiratory problems and potential long-term health risks due to heavy metal exposure. Dust storms are becoming more frequent and severe, impacting communities throughout northern Utah and exposing the direct links between environmental degradation and public health risks. This situation shows the fragility of natural systems and how changes in the environment can rapidly create a public health crisis.
- What are some of the economic costs associated with climate change, and how do these compare to other major global issues? The economic costs of climate change are substantial and far-reaching. They include direct damage from extreme weather events (like floods and storms), decreased agricultural yields, increased healthcare costs related to climate-sensitive diseases, decreased labor productivity, and disruptions to supply chains. Some research suggests that the economic damage of unmitigated climate change will be comparable to the economic damage caused by fighting a war domestically and permanently. Additionally, the cost of adaptation and mitigation efforts is also quite high, although these costs can be partially offset by economic benefits of investing in renewable technologies, circular economies and sustainable practices.
- How are multinational corporations (“Multis”) implicated in the climate crisis and its impacts? Multinational corporations are seen by some as “Monsters of Industrialization,” and are implicated in the climate crisis due to their role as apex producers driving unsustainable economic practices. Their primary focus on growth and profit often leads them to exploit environmental resources and resist efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions. In the wake of climate disasters, these corporations can grow larger by exploiting the needs of people and by buying failing corporations. The legal protections and lack of direct human suffering within corporations allow them to continue operating in a business-as-usual manner, often disregarding the dire consequences for the planet and humanity. Some analyses even suggest these corporations are making massive profits because of the climate crisis.
- What types of actions and interventions are being explored to mitigate climate change and its impacts, especially regarding mental health? Efforts to address climate change and its impacts involve a wide array of actions. These include reducing greenhouse gas emissions through renewable energy adoption, promoting sustainable agriculture, protecting natural ecosystems, and developing resilient infrastructure and adaptation strategies for communities. Mental health interventions include strategies to build inner resilience, foster social connections and support systems, encourage individuals to take action on climate issues and connect with nature. New psychometric instruments are also being developed to better measure climate-related emotions, and clinicians are beginning to consider the unique mental health challenges posed by the crisis. Additionally, there’s a growing recognition that addressing the deeper issues of systemic inequality and promoting more sustainable, equitable socioeconomic models is crucial.
The Drying of the Great Salt Lake: Impacts and Implications
Study Guide
I. Short-Answer Quiz
Instructions: Answer each question in 2-3 sentences.
- What are the major “dust hot spots” identified around the Great Salt Lake, and what makes these areas particularly susceptible to dust emissions?
- How does climate change affect the spread of infectious diseases, particularly those transmitted by vectors like ticks?
- How do the economic costs of climate change compare to those of warfare, and what are the implications of these findings?
- Explain the concept of “psychoterratic” syndromes and provide an example of one such syndrome related to climate change.
- What is solastalgia, and how is it distinct from nostalgia?
- How does the concept of “environmental melancholia” capture the complex relationship between humans and the environment in the context of ecological degradation?
- Explain how climate change exacerbates existing social inequalities, particularly in relation to mental and emotional health.
- What are the key factors contributing to the increase in dust emissions from the Great Salt Lake, and what are the potential consequences for human health?
- Discuss the concept of “eco-anxiety” and its potential impact on individuals and communities.
- How do the findings from “Study maps out dramatic costs of unmitigated climate change in the U.S.” highlight the uneven distribution of climate change impacts across different regions?
II. Answer Key
- The major dust hot spots are Farmington Bay, Bear River Bay, and the northwest quadrant of the Great Salt Lake. These areas are susceptible due to high levels of erodible materials like silt and clay, as well as the fragile surface crust that is easily disturbed by wind and human activities.
- Climate change affects the spread of infectious diseases by expanding the range and active periods of disease vectors. For example, warmer temperatures and altered rain patterns enable ticks to thrive in new areas and for longer durations, increasing the risk of tick-borne illnesses like Lyme disease.
- Studies show that the economic costs of unmitigated climate change can be comparable to the economic damage caused by warfare, potentially leading to a 50% reduction in global GDP by 2100. This emphasizes the severe economic consequences of inaction on climate change.
- “Psychoterratic” syndromes refer to mental and emotional distress stemming from a disrupted relationship with the natural environment. Solastalgia is an example, characterized by a sense of distress and displacement caused by negative environmental changes to one’s home environment.
- Solastalgia is the distress experienced due to ongoing environmental degradation in one’s home environment, while nostalgia refers to a longing for a past place or time. Solastalgia highlights the negative psychological impacts of witnessing environmental damage in a place one currently inhabits.
- “Environmental melancholia” describes the feeling of loss and despair associated with environmental destruction. It reflects the ambivalent feelings individuals may have towards the objects of progress and development that contribute to ecological harm.
- Climate change disproportionately affects marginalized communities who often lack resources to adapt to its effects. These communities are more likely to be exposed to environmental hazards, leading to heightened mental health risks like anxiety, depression, and PTSD.
- The increase in dust emissions from the Great Salt Lake is primarily driven by the lake’s shrinking water levels, exposing vast areas of dry lakebed containing toxic substances like arsenic. Wind erosion further exacerbates dust storms, posing potential health risks to nearby communities through respiratory problems and chronic exposure to heavy metals.
- “Eco-anxiety” is the chronic fear and worry about the ecological crisis, particularly climate change. It can manifest as anxiety, depression, and a sense of hopelessness, especially among young people concerned about their future. Eco-anxiety can motivate individuals to engage in climate action or lead to feelings of paralysis and despair.
- The study emphasizes that climate change impacts will be unequally distributed, with some regions facing more severe consequences than others. For instance, the Southern U.S. will experience more heat-related deaths, while the Midwest’s agricultural productivity will decline significantly. Coastal regions are also vulnerable to rising sea levels and increased storm surges.
III. Essay Questions
- Analyze the concept of “climate grief” and discuss its significance in understanding the psychological and emotional impacts of climate change. Explore the various forms of climate grief and how they might manifest in individuals and communities.
- Critically evaluate the role of multinational corporations (Multis) in the context of climate change. Drawing from the provided source materials, analyze the argument that “Multis don’t suffer, only humans suffer.” Discuss the implications of corporate behavior and responsibility in addressing the climate crisis.
- Explain how the drying of the Great Salt Lake serves as a case study for the interconnectedness of environmental, social, and economic issues. Analyze the multiple consequences of the lake’s decline, including impacts on air quality, public health, local economies, and the ecosystem itself.
- Evaluate the effectiveness of current strategies for mitigating climate change. Drawing from the provided source materials, discuss the successes and limitations of policy interventions, technological advancements, and individual behavioral changes in addressing the climate crisis.
- Analyze the ethical and social justice dimensions of climate change. Explore how climate change disproportionately impacts vulnerable populations and exacerbates existing inequalities. Discuss the concept of climate justice and its implications for policy and action.
IV. Glossary of Key Terms
- Climate Change: Long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, primarily caused by human activities like the burning of fossil fuels.
- Greenhouse Gases: Gases that trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, contributing to global warming. Examples include carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.
- Climate Justice: A framework that recognizes the disproportionate impacts of climate change on marginalized communities and advocates for equitable solutions that address social and economic inequalities.
- Eco-Anxiety: A state of heightened anxiety and distress related to environmental issues, particularly climate change, often accompanied by feelings of fear, worry, and helplessness.
- Ecological Grief: The grief and sorrow experienced in response to ecological loss, such as the extinction of species, destruction of habitats, or the impacts of climate change.
- Solastalgia: The distress and sense of displacement caused by environmental changes to one’s home environment, even when physically present in that place.
- Psychoterratic Syndromes: Mental and emotional distress arising from a disturbed relationship with the natural environment, often stemming from environmental degradation or climate change impacts.
- Environmental Melancholia: A state of prolonged sadness and despair related to environmental destruction, often characterized by feelings of loss, powerlessness, and an inability to mourn the environmental damage.
- Tipping Point: A critical threshold in a system that, once crossed, leads to irreversible and often abrupt changes. In the context of climate change, tipping points refer to points beyond which climate systems undergo rapid and significant shifts.
- Vector-Borne Diseases: Diseases that are transmitted by insects or other animals, often influenced by climate factors like temperature and rainfall. Examples include Lyme disease (transmitted by ticks) and malaria (transmitted by mosquitoes).
- Dust Hot Spots: Areas particularly prone to dust emissions, often characterized by dry, exposed soil, high winds, and lack of vegetation. In the context of the Great Salt Lake, these areas are exacerbated by shrinking water levels and exposed lakebeds.
- Multis: A shorthand term for multinational corporations, often used to critique their power and influence in the context of global issues like climate change.
This study guide provides a comprehensive overview of the key concepts and arguments presented in the provided source materials. Use this guide to enhance your understanding of the impacts and implications of climate change and the drying of the Great Salt Lake.
Climate Change, Society, and Mental Health
Briefing Doc: Climate Change and its Multifaceted Impacts
This briefing doc reviews key themes and crucial facts from a variety of sources on climate change and its impacts on the environment, the economy, and human health and well-being.
Main Themes:
- Climate Change is Real, Anthropogenic, and Costly: Scientific consensus confirms the reality of climate change driven by human activities, leading to substantial economic and societal costs.
- Impacts Extend Beyond the Physical Environment: Climate change is a “threat multiplier,” exacerbating existing social, economic, and health challenges, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations.
- The Need for Urgent Action: The consequences of inaction are dire, demanding immediate and sustained mitigation and adaptation efforts at both individual and collective levels.
Important Ideas & Facts:
Environmental Degradation and Economic Costs:
- The drying of the Great Salt Lake exemplifies the environmental degradation caused by climate change. Its shrinking surface area exposes toxic dust containing arsenic and heavy metals, posing a severe health risk to nearby communities. Research at the University of Utah identifies Farmington Bay, Bear River Bay, and the lake’s northwest quadrant as major dust “hot spots.” (“Toxic Dust Hot Spots”)
- A World Economic Forum study reveals the staggering economic impact of climate change, costing the world an estimated $16 million per hour due to extreme weather events. (“Climate change is costing the world $16 million per hour | World Economic Forum”)
- Research published in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists indicates the potential for a 3°C temperature increase to cause a 50% decline in economic output, capital, and consumption by 2100, likening the economic damage to the effects of war. (“Cost of climate change comparable to economic damage caused by fighting a war – Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists”)
Impacts on Human Health and Well-Being:
- The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that climate change will cause an additional 250,000 deaths annually between 2030 and 2050, primarily from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhea, and heat stress. The direct cost to health is projected to reach $2–4 billion per year by 2030. (“Climate change”)
- Climate change is exacerbating existing health issues linked to water and food security. WHO data indicates 2 billion people lack safe drinking water, and 600 million suffer annually from foodborne illnesses. (“Climate change”)
- Rising temperatures and precipitation changes are expected to accelerate the spread of vector-borne diseases, potentially increasing deaths beyond the current 700,000 annually. (“Climate change”)
- Research highlights the emergence of “psychoterratic syndromes,” a new category of mental health conditions linked to climate change, including eco-anxiety, ecological grief, and climate-related trauma. These conditions are amplified by repeated exposure to climate disasters and the anticipation of future catastrophes. (“Eco-emotions and Psychoterratic Syndromes: Reshaping Mental Health Assessment Under Climate Change – PMC”)
- The emotional and spiritual toll of climate change is increasingly recognized as a significant aspect of its impact, as people experience a profound sense of loss, displacement, and anxiety related to their changing environment. (“Experiencing catastrophes: The emotional and spiritual cost of climate change | Yale Environment Review”)
- Experts warn that climate change will accelerate the spread of infectious diseases by expanding the geographical range and active periods of disease vectors like ticks and mosquitoes, leading to increased transmission of diseases like Lyme disease and babesiosis. (“Experts warn climate change will fuel spread of infectious diseases”)
Social and Systemic Implications:
- The Inequity of Climate Change Impacts: The Milbank Memorial Fund emphasizes that marginalized communities bear a disproportionate burden of climate change’s impacts on mental and emotional health, often due to systemic neglect in climate policy and practices. (“The Inequity of Climate Change Effects on Mental and Emotional Health | Milbank Memorial Fund”)
- Corporate Responsibility: The book Sapience: The Moment Is Now critiques the role of multinational corporations in perpetuating the climate crisis, highlighting their focus on profit maximization over environmental sustainability. The chapter “Multis Don’t Suffer” asserts that these corporations, shielded by legal protections, prioritize their own growth even as climate disasters intensify, demonstrating a lack of accountability for their contributions to the problem. (“Pasted Text”)
Need for Intervention and Action:
- The need for systemic change is emphasized to address the root causes of the climate crisis, including a shift away from the neoliberal ideology of unlimited growth and a greater focus on social and environmental justice. (“Eco-emotions and Psychoterratic Syndromes: Reshaping Mental Health Assessment Under Climate Change – PMC”)
- Mental health professionals are increasingly recognizing the need to address climate-related anxieties and emotional distress in their therapeutic practices, incorporating strategies for fostering resilience, building social support, and encouraging climate action. (“Eco-emotions and Psychoterratic Syndromes: Reshaping Mental Health Assessment Under Climate Change – PMC”)
- Proactive measures to mitigate climate change are deemed essential, requiring a sustained commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and implement adaptive strategies to protect vulnerable communities. (“Toxic Dust Hot Spots,” “Climate change is costing the world $16 million per hour | World Economic Forum”)
Quotes:
- “This attribution-based method can also increasingly provide an alternative tool for decision-makers as they consider key adaptations to minimize the adverse impact of climate-related extreme weather events.” (“Climate change is costing the world $16 million per hour | World Economic Forum”)
- “Climate change presents a fundamental threat to human health… It is therefore a threat multiplier, undermining and potentially reversing decades of health progress.” (“Climate change”)
- “Reducing emissions of greenhouse gases through better transport, food and energy use choices can result in very large gains for health, particularly through reduced air pollution.” (“Climate change”)
- “In this scenario, the need for new psychological categories is emerging, namely, eco-emotions and psychoterratic syndromes which include eco-anxiety, ecological grief, climate worry, and climate trauma.” (“Eco-emotions and Psychoterratic Syndromes: Reshaping Mental Health Assessment Under Climate Change – PMC”)
- “This is not a problem that might happen in the future, the lake is three-fourths of the way gone today and we really, really need to have a sustained focus on it over a longer period of time to … make sure we put enough water into it.” (“Toxic Dust Hot Spots”)
Conclusion:
These sources paint a stark picture of the multifaceted impacts of climate change. The urgency of this crisis demands a global response encompassing individual actions, policy changes, and a collective shift in consciousness toward a sustainable future. Failure to act decisively will result in profound and lasting consequences for the planet and all its inhabitants.
Climate Change, Society, and Mental Health
There were many societal factors that hindered effective climate action.
One factor was that people prioritized economic growth over climate action. The mission of civilizations has always been to produce more, and limiting cheap energy would have run counter to that goal. [1] People continued with business as usual until climate disasters directly affected them. [2] Multinational corporations (Multis) furthered this focus on profit. [3] Multis profited from the suffering of humans and the chaos caused by climate change. [4, 5] Even when it became clear that climate change was a problem, international agreements and pledges to combat it were abandoned because no one held countries and corporations accountable. [6]
Further, there was a disconnect between experts and the public, as scientists’ warnings were often ignored. [7] The focus on individual responsibility for climate change rather than collective action hampered progress. While many people experience strong negative emotions like eco-anxiety and climate grief due to climate change, framing these emotions as individual psychological problems rather than as calls to action invalidates the need for systemic change. [8] Focusing on individual resilience and adaptation to a changing climate reinforces the existing system that is causing climate change. [9] Instead, mental health professionals should encourage collective action to address the systemic issues of climate change. [10]
The sources offer some recommendations to improve climate action:
- Policymakers should allocate more resources to support social networks and mental health services for groups most affected by climate change. [11]
- Increased support for community organizations and activism could help facilitate improved mental health and community resilience. [11]
- Healthcare providers need more training on the link between climate change and mental health and how to create effective interventions. [11]
Corporate Structures and Climate Catastrophe
The sources describe how corporate structures, particularly multinational corporations, played a significant role in exacerbating the climate catastrophe. These corporations, driven by profit and shielded by legal protections, prioritized their own growth over the well-being of the planet and its inhabitants.
- Multinational corporations, or “Multis,” thrived in the chaotic environment created by climate change. [1] This chaos presented them with opportunities to exploit the suffering of others for financial gain. [2]
- The relentless drive of corporations to “produce more things” was a major obstacle to efforts to mitigate climate change. [3] Their pursuit of endless growth was incompatible with the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition to a more sustainable model.
- Multis were able to operate with little regard for the consequences of their actions because they are not living entities capable of feeling pain. [2] This lack of accountability allowed them to prioritize profit over the well-being of the planet.
- These corporations benefited from legal protections that shielded them from the full impact of their actions. [4] They were able to externalize the costs of their activities onto society and the environment.
- Climate catastrophes were highly profitable for Multis. [5] This perverse incentive further fueled their destructive practices.
The sources highlight the systemic failure of corporate structures to address the climate crisis. They argue that these structures are fundamentally incompatible with the need for sustainability and that they played a crucial role in driving the world towards a catastrophic outcome.
Climate Change: A Crisis of Consciousness
The sources describe climate change as a crisis rooted in human consciousness, particularly the aspects of consciousness that drive modern civilization’s relentless pursuit of production and consumption. [1, 2]
- Civilizations are inherently driven to produce more, a mission that has propelled them for over 5,000 years. [2] This drive for growth often comes at the expense of environmental sustainability, as seen in the continued reliance on fossil fuels despite the knowledge of their harmful effects. [2]
- Humanity’s inability to curb greenhouse gas emissions stems from this ingrained pursuit of growth. [2] Even when individuals recognize the need for change, the systems and structures of civilization are designed to prioritize production and consumption, making it difficult to alter course. [3]
- Multinational corporations, driven by profit, exacerbate this issue by exploiting chaos and profiting from climate catastrophes. [4-6] They prioritize their own financial gain over the well-being of the planet and its inhabitants. [6] This reinforces a system where human suffering is seen as a business opportunity. [6]
- This cycle of production, consumption, and profit has led to a disconnect between human consciousness and the natural world. [7] People have become increasingly detached from their environment, leading to a lack of understanding and empathy for the consequences of their actions. [7]
The sources suggest that a shift in human consciousness is necessary to address the climate crisis. This shift would involve:
- Recognizing the limitations of the current economic model that prioritizes endless growth. [8, 9]
- Understanding the interconnectedness between human well-being and the health of the environment. [10]
- Cultivating a sense of shared responsibility for the planet, moving away from individualistic solutions to collective action. [9, 11, 12]
Ultimately, the sources argue that addressing climate change requires a fundamental change in how humans perceive their place in the world, moving from a mindset of exploitation to one of stewardship and recognizing that the well-being of humanity is inextricably linked to the well-being of the planet. [10]
Human Consciousness and Climate Change
The sources argue that human consciousness itself played a crucial role in the climate crisis, going beyond economic systems and corporate greed. The very nature of human civilizations, with their inherent drive for growth and expansion, is presented as a root cause of the failure to address climate change.
- The ingrained pursuit of “more”: Civilizations, by their very design, are geared towards producing and consuming more, a pattern deeply embedded in human consciousness for millennia [1]. Limiting access to energy, a cornerstone of this growth, was therefore antithetical to the very essence of human civilization [1]. This drive for progress, while leading to advancements, also blinded humanity to the environmental consequences of its actions.
- Delusions of limitless growth: The belief in endless growth, deeply ingrained in modern society, prevented people from acknowledging the finite nature of resources and the planet’s carrying capacity [1, 2]. This delusion was further fueled by corporate structures that benefited from and promoted this unsustainable model.
- Disconnect from nature: The sources describe a “disconnection” from the natural world as a contributing factor to the crisis [3]. This separation from nature hindered the ability to fully grasp the interconnectedness of human actions and their impact on the environment. As humans became increasingly urbanized and reliant on technology, their awareness of the natural world diminished, leading to a sense of detachment from its well-being.
- Prioritizing immediate needs over long-term consequences: The sources note that people largely ignored the warnings of scientists and continued with business as usual until climate disasters directly impacted their lives [2, 4]. This short-sightedness, prioritizing immediate economic needs and comforts over the long-term health of the planet, reflects a failure of foresight and a lack of willingness to make necessary sacrifices.
- Individualism over collective action: As discussed in our conversation history, the emphasis on individual responsibility for climate change, rather than promoting collective action, hampered effective responses. This individualistic mindset, prevalent in Western societies, hindered the development of a united front necessary to address a global challenge [5, 6].
- The failure to change course: The sources lament that humanity could not collectively shift its consciousness to prioritize sustainability, even when the consequences became increasingly dire [2]. This inability to break free from ingrained patterns of behavior and thought, even in the face of existential threats, is presented as a fundamental failure of human consciousness.
The sources paint a bleak picture of human consciousness as a key driver of the climate crisis. They argue that humanity’s inherent drive for growth, disconnect from nature, and short-sightedness, coupled with a societal emphasis on individualism, ultimately prevented the necessary changes to avert catastrophe.
Climate Change: Public Health, Economic, and Environmental Impacts
Briefing Doc: Climate Change, Public Health, and Economic Impacts
Overview: This briefing document reviews key themes and findings from multiple sources regarding climate change’s escalating impact on public health, ecosystems, and the global economy.
Main Themes:
- Escalating Climate-Related Health Risks: Climate change is directly exacerbating various health crises, including:
- Heatwaves, Wildfires, Floods, and Storms: These events are increasing in scale, frequency, and intensity, directly causing injuries, deaths, and displacement. (“Climate change”)
- Infectious Diseases: Changing weather patterns are expanding vectors’ range and active periods, leading to an increase in diseases like Lyme disease and Babesiosis. (“Experts warn climate change will fuel the spread of infectious diseases”)
- Waterborne Illnesses: Rising sea levels, storm surges, and coastal flooding are increasing the risk of contamination and spread of waterborne diseases like E. coli and Vibrio. (“Experts warn climate change will fuel the spread of infectious diseases”)
- Food Security and Nutrition: Climate stressors are impacting food availability, quality, and diversity, leading to undernutrition and foodborne illnesses. (“Climate change”)
- Mental Health Impacts:
- Psychoterratic Syndromes: New terms like eco-anxiety, ecological grief, and climate trauma are emerging to describe the mental and emotional toll of witnessing and anticipating environmental degradation. (“Eco-emotions and Psychoterratic Syndromes: Reshaping Mental Health Assessment Under Climate Change”, “Experiencing catastrophes: The emotional and spiritual cost of climate change | Yale Environment Review”)
- Disproportionate Impact: Marginalized communities, Indigenous populations, and those with pre-existing mental health conditions face a greater burden of climate-related mental health challenges. (“The Inequity of Climate Change Effects on Mental and Emotional Health | Milbank Memorial Fund”)
- Economic Costs:
- Trillions in Damages: Climate change is costing the world an estimated $16 million per hour in damages. (“Climate change is costing the world $16 million per hour | World Economic Forum”)
- Comparable to Wartime Drain: Unmitigated climate change could lead to a 50% reduction in global economic output by 2100, a drain comparable to wartime economic decline. (“Cost of climate change comparable to economic damage caused by fighting a war – Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists”)
- Unevenly Distributed Impacts: The costs of climate change are not evenly distributed, with certain regions and industries facing significantly higher risks, further widening existing inequalities. (“Study maps out dramatic costs of unmitigated climate change in the U.S. – Berkeley News”)
Important Facts & Quotes:
- “Between 2030 and 2050, climate change is expected to cause approximately 250,000 additional deaths per year.” (“Climate change”)
- “Climate change presents a fundamental threat to human health… It is therefore a threat multiplier, undermining and potentially reversing decades of health progress.” (“Climate change”)
- “Losing quality of life is not just a future threat — people’s lives are already deeply affected by climate change.” (“Experiencing catastrophes: The emotional and spiritual cost of climate change | Yale Environment Review”)
- “This attribution-based method can also increasingly provide an alternative tool for decision-makers as they consider key adaptations to minimize the adverse impact of climate-related extreme weather events.” (“Climate change is costing the world $16 million per hour | World Economic Forum”)
- “A 3-degree Celsius temperature increase will cause ‘precipitous declines in output, capital and consumption that exceed 50% by 2100’ … This economic loss is so severe that it is ‘comparable to the economic damage caused by fighting a war domestically and permanently.’” (“Cost of climate change comparable to economic damage caused by fighting a war – Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists”)
- “The climate crisis is taking a toll on the mental health of children and young people.” (“The Inequity of Climate Change Effects on Mental and Emotional Health | Milbank Memorial Fund”)
Case Study: Great Salt Lake
- Toxic Dust: The drying Great Salt Lake is exposing large areas of lakebed containing arsenic and other heavy metals. Dust storms are carrying these contaminants into surrounding communities, posing a significant public health risk. (“5D: An increasing threat of toxic dust from a drying Great Salt Lake | ILWA | USU”, “Toxic Dust Hot Spots | College of Science”)
- Dust Hot Spots: Researchers have identified Farmington Bay, Bear River Bay, and the lake’s northwest quadrant as major sources of toxic dust. (“Toxic Dust Hot Spots | College of Science”)
- Long-Term Impacts: Dust exposure from the Great Salt Lake may have long-term health consequences similar to those experienced in Owens Valley, California. (“Toxic Dust Hot Spots | College of Science”)
Challenges & Opportunities:
- Need for Comprehensive Assessment: Accurately assessing the full scope of climate change’s impacts on human health, ecosystems, and economies remains a challenge.
- Addressing Inequities: Climate change disproportionately impacts vulnerable communities, exacerbating existing inequalities. Policies and interventions must prioritize equity and social justice.
- Psychological Support: Developing effective therapeutic approaches and community support systems to address climate-related mental health challenges is crucial.
- Multi-Sector Collaboration: Addressing climate change requires collaborative efforts across sectors, including government, industry, academia, and civil society.
- Shift in Consciousness: As exemplified in the book “Sapience: The Moment Is Now,” a fundamental shift in human consciousness and a departure from unsustainable consumption patterns may be necessary to mitigate the worst impacts of climate change.
Conclusion:
The evidence is clear: climate change poses a grave and multifaceted threat to human well-being and planetary health. Urgent action is needed to mitigate further climate change, adapt to its unavoidable impacts, and prioritize the health and well-being of all communities, particularly those most vulnerable.
Sapience: The Fall and Rise of Multis
“Sapience: The Moment Is Now” excerpts explore humanity’s failure to mitigate climate change, focusing on two chapters: “The Fall” and “Multis Don’t Suffer.” “The Fall” describes the collapse of global cooperation to address climate change, highlighting the inherent conflict between civilization’s growth imperative and environmental sustainability. “Multis Don’t Suffer” examines how multinational corporations, prioritizing profit, thrived amidst climate catastrophes, exploiting the suffering of individuals and nations. The book uses a future perspective, viewing the 2020s as a time of missed opportunities and the consequences as a grim reality. The overall message underscores the systemic failures—psychological, societal, and economic—that led to this disastrous outcome.
Sources
5D: An increasing threat of toxic dust from a drying Great Salt Lake
Summary:
This excerpt from Utah State University's Institute for Land, Water, and Air website details a study on the increasingly serious threat of toxic dust emanating from the shrinking Great Salt Lake. The drying lakebed is generating significant dust containing heavy metals and toxins from industrial, agricultural, and urban pollution, as well as cyanotoxins from past algal blooms. This dust poses a major risk to human health, the economy, and regional ecosystems, with preliminary research showing a marked increase in dust emissions, especially over the last decade. The study investigates dust composition, transport, and production to assess the impact of the shrinking lake, highlighting the creation of major dust hotspots in certain areas and a likely increase in violations of air quality standards.
WHO: Climate change
This WHO document details the profound and multifaceted impacts of climate change on global health. It highlights the escalating frequency and intensity of climate-related disasters—heatwaves, wildfires, floods, and storms—and their devastating consequences, including increased mortality and morbidity from various diseases. The report emphasizes the disproportionate burden on vulnerable populations, particularly in low-income countries, and underscores the urgent need for transformative action to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and build climate-resilient health systems. Finally, it outlines the WHO's three-pronged response strategy: promoting health-enhancing emissions reductions, building resilient health systems, and protecting health from climate impacts, with a focus on leadership, evidence-based action, and capacity building.
Climate change is costing the world $16 million per hour | World Economic Forum
Summary: A World Economic Forum article reports that climate change-related extreme weather events cost the world an estimated $16 million per hour, totaling $2.8 trillion between 2000 and 2019. This figure, derived using Extreme Event Attribution (EEA), likely underestimates the true cost, as it excludes immeasurable impacts like trauma and job losses. The article highlights that the poorest nations are most vulnerable to these economic consequences and advocates for using the study’s methodology to inform funding decisions for rebuilding efforts, as well as potential climate change litigation. The World Economic Forum promotes its own initiatives aimed at mitigating climate change, such as scaling green technologies and protecting natural resources.
Cost of climate change comparable to economic damage caused by fighting a war – Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
Summary: This article from the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists reports on research revealing the staggering economic consequences of climate change. The study estimates that a 3-degree Celsius temperature increase could lead to a more than 50% decline in global GDP by 2100, an economic impact comparable to a perpetual, large-scale war. This significantly increases previous estimates, highlighting the interconnected nature of climate impacts across the globe and urging immediate action, even suggesting that the economic benefits of transitioning away from fossil fuels far outweigh the costs. The article emphasizes the severity and global uniformity of the projected economic damage, urging wealthy nations to act in their own self-interest to mitigate the crisis.
Eco-emotions and Psychoterratic Syndromes: Reshaping Mental Health Assessment Under Climate Change – PMC
Summary: This paper from the National Library of Medicine explores the emerging mental health consequences of climate change. It focuses on newly defined psychological conditions, eco-emotions and psychoterratic syndromes, encompassing concepts like eco-anxiety, ecological grief, and climate trauma. The authors aim to provide researchers and clinicians with a framework for understanding and treating these conditions, differentiating between adaptive responses and genuine psychopathology. The paper reviews existing literature, proposes diagnostic criteria and psychometric instruments for evaluation, and discusses prevention and intervention strategies, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach that acknowledges both individual and societal factors contributing to, and mitigating, these climate-related mental health issues.
Experiencing catastrophes: The emotional and spiritual cost of climate change | Yale Environment Review
Summary: This Yale Environment Review article discusses a study analyzing the non-economic costs of climate change, focusing on the cultural, spiritual, and emotional harms experienced globally. The researchers compiled case studies revealing twenty distinct ways climate-related disasters impact people's lives, highlighting losses of identity, stability, and wellbeing beyond monetary figures. The study emphasizes the need to incorporate these intangible losses into climate discussions and policies, arguing that preventing climate change is not simply an economic issue, but also a matter of preventing widespread human suffering. The findings reveal global trends in intangible loss, particularly affecting indigenous communities and underscoring the need for more research in lower-income countries.
Experts warn climate change will fuel spread of infectious diseases
Summary: This article from UC Davis Health reports on a study published in JAMA warning that climate change is exacerbating the spread of infectious diseases. The experts highlight the expanding ranges of disease vectors like ticks and mosquitos, leading to increased incidence of diseases like Lyme disease and malaria in previously unaffected regions. Furthermore, they emphasize the growing threat of zoonotic diseases due to changes in animal habitats and increased human-animal interaction. The article concludes with a call for improved disease surveillance, updated medical training to address these evolving threats, and advocacy for climate change mitigation policies.
Sapience: The Moment Is Now by D. Mann
Summary: This excerpt details two chapters from the book Sapience: The Moment Is Now, which explores humanity's failure to mitigate climate change. "The Fall" depicts the societal collapse resulting from inaction, highlighting how a civilization obsessed with endless growth prioritized profit over sustainability, leading to widespread suffering and the demise of even the wealthy elite. "Multis Don't Suffer" focuses on multinational corporations, labeled as "Monsters of Industrialization," which exploited the climate crisis for profit, demonstrating their indifference to human suffering and environmental destruction. The overall purpose is to illustrate how systemic failures rooted in human consciousness and the structure of modern civilization, ultimately led to an inevitable environmental and societal catastrophe.
Study maps out dramatic costs of unmitigated climate change in the U.S. – Berkeley News
Summary: A UC Berkeley-led study, published in Science, models the dramatic economic consequences of unchecked climate change in the U.S. Uneven impacts are projected, with the poorest counties potentially losing up to 20% of their income and regions like the South suffering disproportionately compared to the Northwest and Northeast. The research, using a novel high-resolution model, quantifies these effects across various sectors, including agriculture, health, and crime, highlighting a substantial transfer of wealth from poor to rich. The study's purpose is to provide policymakers and the public with data-driven insights to inform strategies for mitigating these severe economic disparities and prioritize high-value targets for intervention.
The Inequity of Climate Change Effects on Mental and Emotional Health | Milbank Memorial Fund
Summary: This excerpt from The Milbank Quarterly features an opinion piece by David N. Pellow titled "The Inequity of Climate Change Effects on Mental and Emotional Health." Pellow argues that climate change disproportionately impacts the mental health of vulnerable populations, such as communities of color and low-income individuals, highlighting the intersection of environmental justice and mental health equity. He introduces new terminology like "eco-anxiety" and "solastalgia" while critiquing the limitations of these terms in fully capturing the complexities of climate-related mental health issues, especially among marginalized groups. The piece concludes with policy recommendations focused on increasing mental health resources for vulnerable populations, supporting community-based climate action, and improving healthcare provider training.
Toxic Dust Hot Spots | College of Science
Summary: This article from the University of Utah's College of Science details research by Professor Kevin Perry on toxic dust emanating from the shrinking Great Salt Lake. Three "hot spots" – Farmington Bay, Bear River Bay, and the northwest boundary – are identified as primary sources of dust containing arsenic and other heavy metals. The article emphasizes the significant air quality threat posed by this dust to northern Utah communities, highlighting the need for further research to determine the extent of health risks. While refilling the lake is presented as the most effective solution, the article underscores the immense challenge and cost involved, drawing parallels to California's costly experience with Owens Lake. The article concludes by emphasizing the urgency of addressing this issue, given the lake's significant depletion and the potential for long-term consequences.
Science and real facts keep you ready to handle anything. Stay informed. Keep reading. Keep learning. Remain flexible in thoughts and mind. And be ready to cooperate with other humans… unless, they have descended into the darkness of ignorance, greed, and corruption… then, stay away from them and let karma take over!
Jonar Sabilano [as well as reported by 
